CSES - Number Spiral
  • Time limit: 1.00 s
  • Memory limit: 512 MB

A number spiral is an infinite grid whose upper-left square has number 1. Here are the first five layers of the spiral:

Your task is to find out the number in row yy and column xx.

Input

The first input line contains an integer tt: the number of tests.

After this, there are tt lines, each containing integers yy and xx.

Output

For each test, print the number in row yy and column xx.

Constraints

  • 1t1051 \le t \le 10^5
  • 1y,x1091 \le y,x \le 10^9

Example

Input:

3
2 3
1 1
4 2

Output:

8
1
15