Link to this code: https://cses.fi/paste/2e4f33786d1cfccac4a966/
//Слава Україні, Героям слава

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

int v[32];

int main() {
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(nullptr);
    int n, k;
    cin >> n >> k;
    int x, a, b, c;
    cin >> x >> a >> b >> c;
    int l = x, r = x, res = 0, ans = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
        int rr = r;
        for(int j = 0; j < 31; j++) {
            v[j] += (rr & 1);
            rr >>= 1;
        }
        res |= r;
        r = (1ll * r * a + b) % c;
    }
    ans = res;
    for(int i = 0; i < n - k; i++) {
        int ll = l, rr = r;
        for(int j = 0; j < 31; j++) {
            v[j] += (rr & 1) - (ll & 1);
            res ^= (1 << j) * (v[j] == 0) * (ll & 1);
            rr >>= 1;
            ll >>= 1;
        }
        res |= r;
        ans ^= res;
        l = (1ll * l * a + b) % c;
        r = (1ll * r * a + b) % c;
    }
    cout << ans << "\n";
    return 0;
}