CSES - NOI 2019

CSES - NOI 2019 - Results

Submission details
Task:	Thieves and Prisons
Sender:	Luis Galan
Submission time:	2019-03-06 13:06:58 +0200
Language:	Java
Status:	READY
Result:	0

Feedback
group	verdict	score
#1	RUNTIME ERROR	0
#2	RUNTIME ERROR	0
#3	RUNTIME ERROR	0
#4	RUNTIME ERROR	0
#5	RUNTIME ERROR	0

Test results
test	verdict	time	group
#1	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	2, 4, 5	details
#2	RUNTIME ERROR	0.22 s	2, 4, 5	details
#3	RUNTIME ERROR	0.22 s	2, 4, 5	details
#4	RUNTIME ERROR	0.24 s	2, 4, 5	details
#5	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	2, 4, 5	details
#6	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	4, 5	details
#7	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	4, 5	details
#8	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	4, 5	details
#9	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	1, 3, 4, 5	details
#10	RUNTIME ERROR	0.24 s	1, 3, 4, 5	details
#11	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	1, 3, 4, 5	details
#12	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	1, 3, 4, 5	details
#13	RUNTIME ERROR	0.24 s	1, 3, 4, 5	details
#14	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	1, 3, 4, 5	details
#15	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	1, 3, 4, 5	details
#16	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	1, 3, 4, 5	details
#17	RUNTIME ERROR	0.24 s	1, 2, 3, 4, 5	details
#18	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	1, 3, 4, 5	details
#19	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	2, 5	details
#20	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	2, 5	details
#21	RUNTIME ERROR	0.24 s	2, 5	details
#22	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	5	details
#23	RUNTIME ERROR	0.24 s	5	details
#24	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	3, 4, 5	details
#25	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	3, 4, 5	details
#26	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	3, 4, 5	details
#27	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	3, 4, 5	details
#28	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	4, 5	details
#29	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	4, 5	details
#30	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	4, 5	details
#31	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	4, 5	details
#32	RUNTIME ERROR	0.24 s	2, 4, 5	details
#33	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	2, 4, 5	details
#34	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	2, 4, 5	details
#35	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	2, 4, 5	details
#36	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	3, 5	details
#37	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	3, 5	details
#38	RUNTIME ERROR	0.24 s	3, 5	details
#39	RUNTIME ERROR	0.24 s	3, 5	details
#40	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	5	details
#41	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	5	details
#42	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	5	details
#43	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	5	details
#44	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	2, 5	details
#45	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	2, 5	details
#46	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	2, 5	details
#47	RUNTIME ERROR	0.23 s	2, 5	details

Code

import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;

public class brute {

    public static boolean isInPrison(int thief_prisonIndex) {
        return thief_prisonIndex != -1;
    }

    public static boolean isOpenValid(int[] thieves, int thief, int tentativePrison) {
        boolean prisonEmpty = true;
        for (int i = 0; i < thieves.length; i++) {
            if (thieves[i] == tentativePrison) {
                prisonEmpty = false;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (prisonEmpty) {
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    public static class Event {
        boolean type; // false = C, true = O
        int thief;
        int prison;

        public Event(boolean type, int thief) {
            this.type = type;
            this.thief = thief;
            this.prison = -1;
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // int n = 3; // number of thieves
        // int k = 2; // number of prisons
        // int m = 5; // number of events

        // Event[] events = new Event[] { new Event(false, 1), new Event(false, 2), new Event(true, 3), new Event(true, 2),
        //         new Event(false, 1), };

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        String[] line1 = scanner.next().split(" ");
        int n = Integer.parseInt(line1[0]);
        int k = Integer.parseInt(line1[1]);
        int m = Integer.parseInt(line1[2]);

        Event[] events = new Event[m];
        for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
            String[] next = scanner.next().split(" ");
            boolean type = next[0] == "O";
            int thief = Integer.parseInt(next[1]);
            events[i] = new Event(type, thief);
        }

        // backtracking algorithm
        
        boolean possible = true;

        int[] thieves = new int[n];
        Arrays.fill(thieves, -1);

        ArrayList<int[]> history = new ArrayList<>();
        history.add(thieves);

        int index = 0;

        while (true) {
            if (index >= events.length) {
                break;
            }

            if (index < 0) {
                possible = false;
                break;
            }

            int[] curThieves = history.get(history.size() - 1);
            Event curEvent = events[index];

            curEvent.prison++;
            if (curEvent.prison >= k || // we have exhausted all possible configurations
                    isInPrison(curThieves[curEvent.thief - 1])) { // thief is in prison, can't take an action
                // backtrack
                curEvent.prison = -1;
                history.remove(history.size() - 1);
                index--;
                continue;
            }

            if (events[index].type == false) { // a thief has been caught
                // catch the thief
                int[] nextThieves = curThieves.clone();
                nextThieves[curEvent.thief - 1] = curEvent.prison;
                history.add(nextThieves);
                index++;
            } else { // a thief has opened a gate
                if (isOpenValid(curThieves, curEvent.thief - 1, curEvent.prison)) {
                    int[] nextThieves = curThieves.clone();
                    // free all prisoners
                    for (int i = 0; i < nextThieves.length; i++) {
                        if (nextThieves[i] == curEvent.prison) {
                            nextThieves[i] = -1;
                        }
                    }
                    history.add(nextThieves);
                    index++;
                    continue;
                } else {
                    // illegal action
                    continue;
                }
            }
        }

        if (possible) {
            String outStr = "";
            for (int i = 0; i < events.length; i++) {
                outStr += (events[i].prison + 1) + " ";
                System.out.println(events[i].prison + 1);
            }
        } else {
            System.out.println("IMPOSSIBLE");
        }

        scanner.close();
    }
}

Test details

Test 1

Group: 2, 4, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`1 1 1 C 1` view save

correct output
`1` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 2

Group: 2, 4, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`1 1 1 O 1` view save

correct output
`IMPOSSIBLE` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 3

Group: 2, 4, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`1 1 2 C 1 C 1` view save

correct output
`IMPOSSIBLE` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 4

Group: 2, 4, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`1 1 2 C 1 O 1` view save

correct output
`IMPOSSIBLE` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 5

Group: 2, 4, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`1 1 2 O 1 C 1` view save

correct output
`IMPOSSIBLE` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 6

Group: 4, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`2 1 2 C 1 C 2` view save

correct output
`1 1` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 7

Group: 4, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`2 1 2 C 1 O 1` view save

correct output
`IMPOSSIBLE` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 8

Group: 4, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`2 1 2 C 1 O 2` view save

correct output
`1 1` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 9

Group: 1, 3, 4, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`3 2 5 C 1 C 2 O 3 C 1 ...` view save

correct output
`1 1 1 1 1` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 10

Group: 1, 3, 4, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`3 2 5 C 1 C 2 O 3 O 3 ...` view save

correct output
`2 1 2 1 1` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 11

Group: 1, 3, 4, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`3 2 5 C 1 C 2 O 3 O 1 ...` view save

correct output
`2 1 2 1 1` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 12

Group: 1, 3, 4, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`3 2 5 C 1 C 2 O 1 O 3 ...` view save

correct output
`IMPOSSIBLE` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 13

Group: 1, 3, 4, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`3 2 4 C 1 O 2 C 1 O 3` view save

correct output
`1 1 1 1` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 14

Group: 1, 3, 4, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`3 2 4 C 1 O 2 C 2 O 1` view save

correct output
`1 1 1 1` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 15

Group: 1, 3, 4, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`3 2 3 C 1 C 2 C 3` view save

correct output
`1 1 1` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 16

Group: 1, 3, 4, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`3 2 3 O 1 C 2 C 3` view save

correct output
`IMPOSSIBLE` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 17

Group: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`2 2 7 C 1 O 2 O 2 O 2 ...` view save

correct output
`IMPOSSIBLE` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 18

Group: 1, 3, 4, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`4 2 5 C 2 O 3 C 1 O 4 ...` view save

correct output
`1 1 1 1 1` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 19

Group: 2, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`100000 100000 100000 C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 ...` view save

correct output
`50000 49999 49998 49997 49996 ...` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 20

Group: 2, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`100000 100000 100000 C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 ...` view save

correct output
`1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 21

Group: 2, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`100000 100000 100000 C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 ...` view save

correct output
`20000 20000 20000 20000 20000 ...` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 22

Group: 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`100000 100 100000 C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 ...` view save

correct output
`1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 23

Group: 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`100000 99 100000 C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 ...` view save

correct output
`IMPOSSIBLE` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 24

Group: 3, 4, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`500 2 500 C 384 O 62 C 387 O 473 ...` view save

correct output
`1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 25

Group: 3, 4, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`500 2 500 C 384 O 62 C 387 O 473 ...` view save

correct output
`1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 ...` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 26

Group: 3, 4, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`500 2 500 C 384 O 62 C 387 O 473 ...` view save

correct output
`1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 ...` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 27

Group: 3, 4, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`500 2 500 C 384 O 62 C 387 C 473 ...` view save

correct output
`1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 28

Group: 4, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`500 250 500 C 384 O 62 C 387 O 473 ...` view save

correct output
`1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 29

Group: 4, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`500 250 500 C 384 O 62 C 387 O 473 ...` view save

correct output
`1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 ...` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 30

Group: 4, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`500 250 500 C 384 O 62 C 387 O 473 ...` view save

correct output
`1 1 1 1 1 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 5 4 2 ...` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 31

Group: 4, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`500 250 500 C 384 O 62 C 387 C 473 ...` view save

correct output
`1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 32

Group: 2, 4, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`500 500 500 C 384 O 62 C 387 O 473 ...` view save

correct output
`1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 33

Group: 2, 4, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`500 500 500 C 384 O 62 C 387 O 473 ...` view save

correct output
`1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 ...` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 34

Group: 2, 4, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`500 500 500 C 384 O 62 C 387 O 473 ...` view save

correct output
`1 1 1 1 2 1 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 4 5 ...` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 35

Group: 2, 4, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`500 500 500 C 384 O 62 C 387 C 473 ...` view save

correct output
`1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 36

Group: 3, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`100000 2 100000 C 89384 O 54062 C 85387 O 53318 ...` view save

correct output
`1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 37

Group: 3, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`100000 2 100000 C 89384 O 54062 C 85387 O 53318 ...` view save

correct output
`1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 ...` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 38

Group: 3, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`100000 2 100000 C 89384 O 54062 C 85387 O 53318 ...` view save

correct output
`1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 ...` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 39

Group: 3, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`100000 2 100000 C 89384 O 54062 C 85387 C 53318 ...` view save

correct output
`1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 40

Group: 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`100000 50000 100000 C 89384 O 54062 C 85387 O 53318 ...` view save

correct output
`1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 41

Group: 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`100000 50000 100000 C 89384 O 54062 C 85387 O 53318 ...` view save

correct output
`1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 ...` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 42

Group: 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`100000 50000 100000 C 89384 O 54062 C 85387 O 53318 ...` view save

correct output
`1 1 1 1 1 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 ...` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 43

Group: 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`100000 50000 100000 C 89384 O 54062 C 85387 C 53318 ...` view save

correct output
`1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 44

Group: 2, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`100000 100000 100000 C 89384 O 54062 C 85387 O 53318 ...` view save

correct output
`1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 45

Group: 2, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`100000 100000 100000 C 89384 O 54062 C 85387 O 53318 ...` view save

correct output
`1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 ...` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 46

Group: 2, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`100000 100000 100000 C 89384 O 54062 C 85387 O 53318 ...` view save

correct output
`1 1 1 1 2 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 3 ...` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

Test 47

Group: 2, 5

Verdict: RUNTIME ERROR

input
`100000 100000 100000 C 89384 O 54062 C 85387 C 53318 ...` view save

correct output
`1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...` view save

user output
(empty)

Error:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 1
	at brute.main(brut...

NOI 2019

Thieves and Prisons

Code

Test details

Test 1

Test 2

Test 3

Test 4

Test 5

Test 6

Test 7

Test 8

Test 9

Test 10

Test 11

Test 12

Test 13

Test 14

Test 15

Test 16

Test 17

Test 18

Test 19

Test 20

Test 21

Test 22

Test 23

Test 24

Test 25

Test 26

Test 27

Test 28

Test 29

Test 30

Test 31

Test 32

Test 33

Test 34

Test 35

Test 36

Test 37

Test 38

Test 39

Test 40

Test 41

Test 42

Test 43

Test 44

Test 45

Test 46

Test 47

Tasks

Submissions (Luis Galan)